Diabetes is a major public health concern that is projected to affect over 400 million people worldwide by 2023. Unfortunately, diabetes can cause serious health problems, including various eye diseases that can lead to vision loss or blindness. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults, and the risk of developing an eye disease is 20 to 30 times greater when you have diabetes. In this article, we’ll look at the eye diseases caused by diabetes and what you can do to reduce your risk.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common form of eye disease resulting from diabetes. It is caused by damage to the small blood vessels of the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. In its early stages, diabetic retinopathy may cause no vision changes, but it can eventually lead to blurred vision, blind spots, reduced night vision, and even complete vision loss. The risk of developing diabetic retinopathy increases with duration of diabetes and severity of blood sugar control.
Diabetic Macular Edema
Diabetic macular edema is a type of diabetic retinopathy that affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision. It occurs when the blood vessels around the macula become blocked, leading to fluid accumulation and swelling. This can cause blurred central vision, difficulty reading or seeing fine details, and even blind spots. Diabetic macular edema is the leading cause of vision loss in people with diabetes.
Cataracts
Cataracts are a common age-related eye condition that causes clouding of the lens, resulting in blurry vision. People with diabetes are 60% more likely to develop cataracts than those without diabetes. In addition, the risk of developing cataracts increases with the severity of diabetes.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is an eye disease that results in damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to vision loss or blindness. People with diabetes are twice as likely to develop glaucoma, and the risk increases with the duration of diabetes. People with both diabetes and glaucoma are at greater risk of blindness than those with just one of the conditions.
How to Reduce Your Risk
The best way to reduce your risk of developing diabetic eye disease is to keep your blood sugar levels under control. This means eating a healthy diet, being physically active, and taking your medications as prescribed. You should also get your eyes examined regularly to check for any changes in your vision or signs of eye disease. Early detection and treatment of eye disease can help prevent vision loss.
Conclusion
Diabetes can cause serious eye diseases that can lead to vision loss or even blindness. The most common types of diabetic eye diseases are diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataracts, and glaucoma. The best way to reduce your risk of developing diabetic eye disease is to keep your blood sugar levels under control and get your eyes examined regularly.